The History of Leather: The Story of Leather Walking with Humanity

1. Origins of leather and archaeological evidence

The use of leather is one of the oldest technologies of humanity, and its origins are thought to date back to the late Paleolithic period (approximately 15,000 years ago). Leather products began when early humans began to utilize animal skins obtained from hunting. ModernGenuine leather productsIt can be said that the history of the film began at this time.

The oldest leather use

Direct archaeological evidence for the oldest leather products is limited due to the nature of organic decomposition. However, indirect evidence suggests that there was a technique for processing animal skins in the late Paleolithic period.

Etzi's Iceman Equipment

The "Etzi Iceman" (around 3300 BC) discovered in 1991 was an important discovery in understanding the history of leather products. The mummy wears leather clothing, shoes and equipment made from various animal skins, demonstrating the high level of leather processing techniques at the time. ModernBusiness bagAlthough it is in a different shape, leather containers have also been discovered for carrying tools and valuables.

The leather products worn by Etzi were made from the skins of various animals, such as goats, deer, and cows, and it can be seen that different types of leather were chosen depending on the purpose. This indicates that there was already a deep understanding of the properties of leather at the time.

Early tanning techniques

Early leather processing used the following primitive "tanning" methods:

• Brain tanning: A tanning method using animal brains and was widely used by indigenous peoples in North America.
• Fat oil tanning: Made with oils from animals and fish to create soft, water-resistant leather.
• Smoke tanning: This is a method of exposing the skin to the smoke of wood to give it a preservative effect.
• Plant tanning: One of the oldest techniques to extract tannins from bark and leaves and tannin. ModernCrazy Horse LeatherThis traditional technique is also used in our products.

These early tanning techniques established the basic principles of leather manufacturing: protecting animal skins from decay, increasing flexibility and turning them into practical materials. Even though times have changed, the basic concepts of making high-quality leather products are still handed down to this day.

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2. The role of leather in ancient civilizations

With the development of ancient civilizations, the technology for using leather has also improved dramatically. In major ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome, leather was a socially and economically important material.

Ancient Egyptian leather culture

In ancient Egypt (around 3000 BC), leather was treated as a valuable and versatile material. The hieroglyphs and murals depict leather craftsmen, indicating that they were highly skilled professionals. Today'sTravel bagThe roots of this era are the leather containers for travel, which are also used.

The Egyptians produced the following leather products:

• Sandals and shoes
• Military equipment (shield, armor)
• Replacement materials for papyrus
• Decorations used in religious rituals
• Decorative furniture (leather chairs and sleepers)

Of particular note is the elaboration of leather ornaments and practical items discovered in King Tutankhamun's tomb. These represent the high standard of leather crafts in ancient Egypt.

Mesopotamian leather industry

Leather was also an important industry in Mesopotamia (now the Iraq region). Cuneiform clay tablets contain records of leather trades and leather craftsmen. at the timeShoulder bagIt is known that portable leather bags were also used.

Ancient Greece and Roman leather industry

In ancient Greece, leather was used in a variety of fields, including military equipment, clothing and sports equipment. The Spartan army's red leather shield and leather equipment used in Olympic events are particularly well known.

During the Roman Empire period (27 BC to 476 AD), the leather industry developed further and organized. The Romans were excellent at producing leather products such as:

• Military equipment: Leather armor, shields and sandals that supported the strength of the Roman army (Cariga)
• book: Leather copying materials known as parchment or calf purse (wellam).
• Clothes and footwear: Leather clothing and shoes for various classes
• Household goods: Water bottle,PouchSmall storage bags, belts, furniture decorations like

In his book Natural History, Pliny wrote in detail the various methods and uses of leather. This is a valuable record of leather technology at the time.

Ancient Chinese leather culture

In China, leather usage has been recorded since the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1046 BC). Organic bone letters contain leather-related letters, which can be seen as an important material. From then onFor womenIt is also an interesting fact that there was a distinction between leather products aimed at men.

During the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), trade with the West through the silk road led to a thriving exchange of leather technology. In particular, the technology for manufacturing leather armor and harness for military use has been developed.

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3. The evolution of leather tanning technology

Tanning, the most important process in leather manufacturing, has evolved significantly over the years. Tanning is the process of transforming animal skin into durable leather, and the development of this technology has greatly contributed to the expansion of leather quality and use.

Development of vegetable tannin tanning

Tanning methods using vegetable tannins are one of the oldest established techniques. In Egypt around 3000 BC, tannins were used extracted from acacia bark and pomegranate peels. ModernCrazy Horse LeatherThis vegetable tannin tanning technology is also utilized in our products.

In medieval Europe, methods for extracting tannins from trees such as oak, chestnuts and hemlocks were established, and became the foundation of the leather tanning industry. Vegetable tanned leather has the following characteristics:

• Excellent durability and shape stability
• The texture becomes deeper due to aging
• Natural colour and texture
• Environmentally friendly (biodegradable)

Alum Tanned and Alum Leather

Tanning techniques using alum (alum, potassium aluminum sulfate) developed in the Middle Eastern region and were introduced to medieval Europe. It was particularly suitable for the manufacture of white leather, and was widely used in the manufacture of gloves and decorative white leather. at the timeCrossbody bagIt was also used in items like this.

Characteristics of alum tanned leather (alum leather):

• Soft and supple texture
• Can be dyed in bright colors (especially white)
• Thin and easy to process

Tradition of oil tanning

Oil tanning techniques using fish oil and animal fats have developed among indigenous peoples in Scandinavia and North America. It was especially useful in environments where highly flexible leather is required.

Chamois leather is one of the most representative leathers made using this method, and is still used today for window cleaning and caring for luxury cars.Made of canvasHighly waterproof items combined with products also benefit from this technology.

Industrial Revolution and the invention of chrome tanning

The biggest revolution in leather tanning technology was the chrome tanning method invented by Augustus Schultz of America in 1858. This new technology has revolutionized the leather industry for the following reasons:

• Reduce time: While traditional plant tanning took several months, chrome tanning was completed in a few days
• Improved production efficiency: Mass production is possible, and contributes to lower price of leather products.
• Improved leather performance: Improved heat resistance, water resistance, and flexibility
• Various dyeing possible: Can now be dyed in a wide range of colors

Today, approximately 80-90% of leather produced worldwide is manufactured using the chrome tanning method. In particular, shoe uppers that require durability and flexibility,BackpackIt is widely used in clothing, etc.

Modern innovative rice technology

From the second half of the 20th to the 21st century, new innovations have also occurred in leather tanning technology due to environmental considerations:

• Chrome-free tanned: Uses environmentally friendly metal salts such as aluminum, zirconium, titanium
• Reevaluation of vegetable tannins: The value of traditional methods has been rethinked and attracted attention as high-end leather
• Enzyme tanning: Development of tanning technology with low environmental impact using biological methods
• Synthetic Tannin: Use of chemically made tannin replacements

These technological developments reflect modern values ​​that not only improve leather quality, but also place emphasis on environmental considerations and sustainability. The fusion of traditional techniques with modern science has led to the evolution of leather tanning techniques. SomeMade of PU leatherItems may be chosen from this environmental consideration.

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4. The development of leather from the Middle Ages to modern times

In medieval Europe, the leather industry developed under the guild system and was highly organized. The craftsman guild involved in leather processing and product manufacturing was an important part of the urban economy. This era, especiallyTote bagLeather bags, which are the prototypes of this product, have also become widely used.

Medieval Leather Guild and its Role

In major medieval European cities, there were various guilds related to leather:

• Tanner Guild: Experts in processing animal skin into leather
• Leather Dyeing Artisan (Curia) Guild: Experts in coloring leather
• Shoemaker (Code Winer) Guild: Professionals who make shoes and boots
• Sadler Guild: Experts in making harnesses and saddles
• Glove Artisan (Glover) Guild: Experts in making leather gloves
• Leather Worker Guild: Experts who make various leather products

These guilds ensured the succession and development of technology through strict quality standards and apprenticeships. In addition, distinctive leather products have been created in each city, which has led to the spread of their reputation. ModernCrazy Horse Leather ProductsIt also follows the trend of traditional techniques.

Renaissance leather crafts

During the Renaissance period from the 14th to the 17th century, leather crafts also developed significantly through the fusion of art and technology. Particularly notable developments have been seen in the following areas:

• Bookbinding technology: Decorative leather cover books were preferred by the aristocrats and wealthy people.
• Foil stamping technology: The decorative technique of applying gold or silver foil to leather has been refined
• Embossing technology: The technology to engrave complex patterns on leather has been developed.
• Leather furniture: Luxurious furniture made with leather chairs and chests

During this period, the discovery of the Americas also introduced leather from new animal species, leading to the diversification of materials. ModernGenuine leather bagThe influence of decorative techniques developed during this Renaissance is also seen.

Industrial Revolution and Modernization of the Leather Industry

The industrial revolution in the late 18th and 19th centuries brought about revolutionary changes in the leather industry:

• Mechanization: Productivity is greatly improved by inventions such as peelers, leather cutting machines, and sewing machines.
• Introduction of chemical technology: The invention of a scientific rice method, represented by the chrome tanning method (1858).
• Large-scale factory production: From a craftsman's workshop to mass production in factories
• Standardization: Standardization of quality and production methods advances

Of particular importance was the large-scale leather industry that developed in the United States. Huge leather factories were built in cities such as Boston and Chicago, making them the world's leather production centers.Travel bagMass-produced leather products are now available at prices that are affordable to the general public.

During this period, leather has become widely used in the following fields:

• Inexpensive shoes made from mass production
• Industrial belts and mechanical parts
• Railway car interior
• Car interior
• Leather products for the general public (wallets, bags, belts, etc.)

Innovation and challenges in the 20th century

In the 20th century, the leather industry faced new challenges as well as further innovation:

• Competition with synthetic materials: Nylon, polyester,PU leatherArtificial materials such as
• The evolution of leather processing technology: Development of special processing such as water-repellent processing, mold-resistant processing, and softening treatment.
• Awareness of environmental issues: Increased concerns about the environmental impact of the tanning process
• Animal Welfare: Increased awareness of animal rights

These factors have led to the leather industry at a turning point in exploring a balance between traditional methods and modern needs. The polarization between the high-end leather product market and the mass production market has also progressed, causing changes in the industrial structure. Today'sBackpackorShoulder bagInnovative technologies from this era are also being utilized in products such as:

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5. Leather cultures and traditions around the world

The manufacturing and use of leather has evolved in many cultures around the world, each developing its own unique technology, design and use. Regional climate, available animal species and cultural background create unique leather cultures.

European leather culture

Italian leather culture

The leather industry in Italy, especially in Tuscany, is world-renowned. Florence and its surrounding area have been known for the production of high-quality leather products for centuries. ModernBusiness bagMany of them are also influenced by this Italian leather craft.

• Vegetable tannins tanning: Traditional vegetable tannin tanning is still practiced in the Tuscan region.
• Artisan skills:Assessed for detailed manual product manufacturing
• Fashion IndustryItalian leather products are closely linked to the fashion industry

Spain and Cordoban

Spain, particularly Andalusia, is famous for its decorative leather crafts influenced by Moorish culture. The manufacturing method of high-quality horse leather called Cordovan is a leather technology that the region is proud of all over the world.Wallets and small itemsIt is known as a high-quality material that can also be used.

British traditional leather products

In the UK, especially horse riding equipment, shoes,BriefcaseWe have high technology in traditional leather products such as. Northampton's shoe industry and luxury brand leather products are well-received worldwide.

Asian leather culture

Japanese leather culture

Leather has been used in Japan for a long time, but historically, leather-related occupations have been considered "impregnant". Since the Meiji period, the leather industry developed under the influence of the West. In modern timesMini Shoulder BagSmaller products such as these are also gaining popularity.

• Himeji leather:High quality white leather produced in Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture is highly regarded worldwide.
• A fusion of Japanese patterns and leather: A fusion of traditional Japanese patterns and leather crafts
• Precision technology: Advanced leather products made by hand in detail

Indian leather crafts

Leather crafts have developed since ancient times in India, particularly with decorative leather products. Traditional embossed and embroidered leather crafts are still in hand in hand in Rajasthan and Gujarat.Crossbody bagThere is an impact on this.

Leather culture in the Middle East and North Africa

Morocco's leather industry

Traditional tannery (leather tannery) in the ancient Morocco capital Fez and Marrakech have produced leather in a way that has not changed for centuries. In particular, Choirat Tannery in Fez is known as one of the oldest leather tannery in the world.Crazy Horse LeatherIt is characterized by leather products with a vintage feel that is similar to the products.

• Traditional pit dyeing: The landscape where leather is dyed in large dyeing pits is a tourist attraction
• Leather shoes called Babouche: Morocco's leading leather products
• Porfu (leather cushion): Traditional furniture made from vibrant colors of leather

Leather Culture in the Americas

Leather culture of North American indigenous peoples

Indigenous North Americans have used skins such as buffalo (bison), deer and mousse to create practical and artistic leather products. ModernCanvas and leather combined productThe concept of practicality is also inherited.

• Brain tanning: Special tanning methods using animal brains
• Beadwork: Decorative techniques for sewing colorful beads on leather
• Moccasin: Traditional footwear made from soft leather
• Tippy: Mobile home made of leather

Gaucho culture in South America

In gaucho cultures in Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, leather was an essential material for everyday life. Today'sTote bagorTravel bagThe practical design also shows the impact.

• Cowhide workwear: Leather pants called bombacha, etc.
• Lasso (lasso): Made of woven leather string
• Mate tea container: Leather covered carabasa (gourd)
• Decorative harness: Leather products decorated with fine techniques

The leather cultures of each of these regions demonstrate a rich diversity that reflects the history, environment and cultural background of each region. Even in modern times, these traditional leather cultures continue to evolve, inheriting unique technologies and designs.

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6. Leather manufacturing process

Conversion of raw animal skins to high quality leather is a complex, multi-step process. This process has evolved over the years, but the basic principles have not changed over centuries.Crazy Horse LeatherorGenuine leather productsIt is also produced through this manufacturing process.

Preparation of raw skin

The first step in leather manufacturing is preparing raw leather (raw skin):

1. Skin and preservation: Peel the skin from the animals at a slaughterhouse and store them in salt or frozen.
2. Refill: Soak the skin in water at a tannery to remove the salt for storage, and restore original flexibility
3. Hair removal: Remove hair and epidermis using lime and enzymes
4. De-alachification: Adjust the pH of the skin using a neutralizing agent after lime treatment
5. Bething: Enzyme treatment removes unnecessary proteins and softens the skin
6. Pick ring:Treat with an acidic solution and prepare for tanning

Tanning process

Tanning is the most important process of converting the leather into stable leather. The main methods are:

Vegetable tannins tanning

This tanning method uses tannins extracted from bark, wood, leaves, fruit, etc.Crazy Horse Leatheris mainly tanned in this way:

• Features: Durable and beautifully change over time
• Uses: Soles of shoes, horse riding equipment, furniture, leather accessories
• time: Traditional methods take weeks to months

Chrome tanned

This is a tanning method that uses chromium salts (usually chromium sulfate). ManyBusiness bagorShoulder bagIt is used in:

• FeaturesExcellent flexibility, water resistance and heat resistance
• Uses: Shoe upper, bag, clothing, furniture
• time: Relatively short time, from several hours to several days.

Other tanning methods

• Aldardehyde tanning: How to use glutaraldehyde, etc.
• Oil tanning:How to use fish oil, etc. (such as chamomi leather)
• Synthetic tannin tanning: Uses artificially synthesized tannin substances
• Composite tanning: How to combine multiple tanning methods

Finishing process

The tanned leather undergoes various finishing processes to achieve the properties suitable for the final product:

1. Retanned: Additional tanners enhance certain properties
2. staining: Coloring the leather (drum dyeing, dipping dyeing, spray dyeing, etc.)
3. Adding: Add oils and fats to improve flexibility and waterproofness
4. Drying: Remove excess water (natural drying, vacuum drying, hanging drying, etc.)
5. Humidity control: Adjust to the appropriate humidity
6. Flexibility: Soften leather with mechanical treatment
7. Surface finish: Painting, embossing, printing, buffing, etc.
8. Measurement and Grading: Classification based on leather quality and characteristics

Special leather processing

Leather may be subjected to a variety of special processing for specific uses and appearance:

• Embossed: Heat and pressure highlight the pattern
• Embossed: Press a specific pattern (like a crocodile leather) against the leather
• Shrink processing: Shrinks the leather to create a wrinkled look.
• Suede processing: Brush the back of the leather
• Nubuck processing: Lightly brush the leather surface
• Kip processing: Finish the surface smooth
• Water-repellent treatment:Treatment that increases waterproofness.Canvas and leather combined productIt is also used in
• Anti-fouling treatment: Processing to prevent dirt from sticking to the skin

Environmental consideration

Because the leather manufacturing process has an environmental impact, the following sustainable efforts are currently being carried out: If you want to be environmentally friendly,PU leather productsThere are also options to choose:

• Wastewater treatment: Proper treatment of wastewater from the tanning process
• Chemical Substance Management: Reducing the use of hazardous substances and developing alternative products
• Energy efficiency: Reducing energy consumption in manufacturing processes
• Utilizing by-products:Utilization of leather scraps and meat
• Sustainable procurement: Responsible raw skin procurement from livestock farming

The leather manufacturing process is a complex process that combines traditional techniques with the latest science and technology. This process creates unique leather characteristics, such as durability, flexibility and beauty. And in modern times, further innovation continues, balancing quality and environmental consideration.

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7. Typical types and characteristics of leather

There are a variety of leathers depending on the animal type, part of the leather, tanning methods, and finishing methods, each with its own unique characteristics and uses. Here we will introduce the typical types of leather and their characteristics.

Classification by animal type

Cowhide

It is the most commonly used leather product. ManyBusiness bagorBackpackIt is used in:

• Features: Highly durable, thick and strong, and good flexibility
• Differences depending on the part: Benz (back, most durable), shoulder (shoulder), berries (abdomen, soft but easy to stretch)
• Uses: A wide range of uses, including shoes, bags, belts, furniture, and car interiors.

Horse leather

The fibers are more dense and strong than cowhide:

• Features: supple, strong, shiny
• Cordban: Leather on the bottom of the horse, especially high-quality
• Uses: Luxury shoes,bagHorse riding equipment, etc.

Sheepskin/Lambskin

It is a leather with soft and lightweight properties.Products for womenIt is often used in:

• FeaturesVery soft, supple, light
• kinds: Lambskin (lambskin, especially soft), sheepskin (adult sheep leather), etc.
• Uses: For clothing, gloves, wallet, interior decoration, etc.

Goat leather/Child goat leather

It is characterized by its unique surface pattern and strongness.Mini ShoulderSuitable for small bags such as:

• Features: The surface has a distinctive grain pattern, which is light and strong.
• kinds: Kid skin (child goat leather, especially soft), goat skin (mari goat leather)
• Uses: Luxury gloves, shoes, bags, book bindings, etc.

Pig leather

Leather with distinctive pore patterns:

• Features: Characteristic pore marks, good breathability, and high wear resistance
• Uses: gloves, shoe lining, wallet, etc.

Exotic leather

High-quality leather from special animals:

• Crocodile leather: A unique, luxurious scale pattern
• Lizard leather: Fine scale pattern and flexibility
• Snake leather: Characteristic scale pattern and thinness
• Striped leather: Pearl-like granular surface
• Ostrich leather: Characteristic feather root pattern

*These exotic leathers are often subject to International Trade Regulations (CITES).

Classification by tanning method

Vegetable tannin tanned leather

Leather tanned using plant-derived tannins such as bark and wood.Crazy Horse LeatherThe basic techniques of:

• Features:A warm texture that increases the flavor due to aging, and does not easily lose its shape
• Disadvantages: Water-sensitive and easily uneven coloration occurs.
• Uses: soles, belts,Business bag, wallets, harnesses, etc.

Chrome tanned leather

Leather tanned using chrome salt:

• Features: Highly flexible, excellent water and heat resistance, dyeing in vivid colors
• Disadvantages:Large changes over time, concerns about environmental impact.
• Uses: shoe upper,Travel bag, clothing, furniture, etc.

Classification by finishing method

Full grain leather

The finest leather with the surface layer (silver surface) as is:

• Features: Natural surface texture, high durability, and the texture increases the more you use it
• Uses: LuxuryShoulder bag, shoes, jackets, furniture, etc.

Top grain leather

Leather with lightly polished surface to remove small scratches:

• Features: Retaining a natural texture, there are few surface defects
• Uses: Medium to high-end shoes,Backpack, furniture, etc.

Collected grain leather

Leather with modified surface and artificial grain pattern:

• Features: Uniform appearance, scratches are less noticeable
• Uses: General shoes, bags, furniture, etc.

Split leather

The lower layer when the leather is divided in the thickness direction:

• Features: There are no natural leather grains on the surface, less strong than full grain
• Uses: Inexpensive shoes, bags, suede products, etc.

suede

Leather back (fat) or with brushed leather from divided leather:

• Features: Soft and warm brushed surface, moist touch
• Disadvantages: Easy to get dirty and sensitive to water
• Uses:shoes,Mini bag, clothing, gloves, etc.

Nubuck

Leather with light brushed surface of full grain leather:

• Features: Short brushed velvet-like, more durable than suede
• Uses: Luxury shoes, casual shoes, bags, etc.

Specially processed leather

Enamel leather

Shiny leather with lacquer or urethane paint on the surface:

• Features: Shiny and water resistant
• Uses: Formal shoes, bags, belts, etc.

Crazy Horse Leather

Leather is treated with special wax and oil, and is made with features that can cause scratches and uneven color due to use.COWMONO's popular productsis:

• Features: Antique texture, unique aging due to use, color changes when rubbed
• Uses: Casual bag,Backpack、Briefcase, wallet etc.

Bridle leather

Leather impregnated with special oils and waxes after vegetable tanning:

• Features: Strong waist and more glossy over time, and is used extensively for traditional British products
• Uses: Luxury wallet,Briefcase, belt etc.

These diverse types of leather are used in a variety of products, taking advantage of their characteristics. When choosing a leather product, knowing the type of leather that is suitable for your purpose will help you choose a product that you can use for a longer period of time.

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8. The impact of leather on history

Leather went beyond mere materials and was an important element of human civilization development. Let's take a look at the impact leather has had on history in a variety of fields, including military, transportation, culture, education, and technological innovation. ModernCrazy Horse Leather ProductsorGenuine leather productsIt is also an extension of this long history.

Leather and military history

Leather has contributed greatly to the development of military technology from ancient times to modern times:

The revolution of armor and weapons

• Leather armor: Leather quilas worn by ancient Greek and Roman soldiers
• shield: A lightweight, durable shield with leather covered with wooden frame
• helmet: Leather-lined metal helmet

Leather products from the gunpowder era

• Leather ammunition bag: Waterproofing to protect gunpowder from moisture is important
• Leather gun case: Protect your precious firearms
• Leather belts and equipment: Basic elements of military equipment

The relationship between transportation and leather

Leather products were essential for the development of transportation. ModernTravel bagIt also follows this history:

Horse and Riding Culture

• Saddle: The invention of leather saddles improves riding efficiency and comfort
• Reins and bridle: Leather equipment essential for horse control
• Stirrup cover: Provide scaffolding when riding

Vehicles and ships

• Carriage parts: Leather strap for suspension, seat cushion
• Ship sailsLeather sails were also used in early ships.
• Waterproof joint: Use of leather to waterproof ship seams

Leather and knowledge transfer

Leather played an important role in the preservation and transmission of information and knowledge:

Leather as a copying material

• Papyrus alternativesLeather is also used as a copying material in ancient Egypt.
• Parchment: Major Medieval Copy Materials
• Calves (Velum): delicate leather used especially in high-class books

Contribution to information storage

• Medieval Manuscript: valuable knowledge written on leather pages
• Binding technologyLeather-bound books can be preserved for centuries
• Manuscript cultureLeather is a central material in the production of books at a monastery.

The relationship between social class and leather

Historically, leather products have also served as symbols of social status. LuxuryCrazy Horse Leather ProductsIt is an extension of this tradition that even today can become a status symbol:

Symbols of leather and power

• Royal and noble decorations: Luxury leather goods are symbols of wealth and power
• Ritual leather products: Special leather products in religious and political rituals
• Symbol of occupation: Leather products linked to specific occupations (Judge'sBriefcaseetc.)

The social status of leather craftsmen

• Guild System: Medieval Leather Craftsman Guild has political influence
• Cultural taboosIn some cultures, disposing of leather was considered a "impregnant" occupation.
• Respect for expertiseAdvanced leather craft techniques are subject to social respect

Leather and cultural expression

Leather was an important medium of expression in art and culture:

Leather Crafts and Decorative Arts

• Leather work: Leather products with exquisite patterns
• Cordovan: Decorative leather crafts influenced by Spanish Islamic culture
• Gold foil stamped:A detailed decoration technique found in book bindings etc.

Ethnic Identity

• Ethnic costume: Leather clothing and ornaments that indicate the identity of a particular ethnic group
• Traditional crafts: A unique leather craft culture rooted in each region. In Japan tooFor womenand traditional leather crafts for men
• Ritual use: Special leather products used in religion and traditional rituals

Innovation and industrial development

The development of the leather industry is deeply connected with the industrial revolution and technological innovation:

Promoting industrialization

• MechanizationMechanization in the leather industry has become a model for other industries
• Chemical Technology: The development of leather tanning technology contributes to the development of the chemical industry.
• Standardization: Mass production of leather products promotes standardization of manufacturing processes

Impact on the fashion industry

• Leather apparel: Fashionable leather jackets, pants, skirts, etc.
• accessories：bag, belts, shoes, and other fashion items
• Luxury brandsMany luxury fashion brands started with leather products

In this way, leather has had a huge impact on the history of mankind and the development of civilization, beyond mere practical materials. The leather products we use today condense with thousands of years of human history and wisdom.

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9. Modern leather industry

The modern leather industry is a complex industry of global scale, combining traditional craftsmanship with the latest innovations. Due to growing awareness of environmental issues and changing consumer values, the leather industry is undergoing a period of major change.

The structure of the modern leather industry

Global Supply Chain

The modern leather industry consists of an international supply chain:

• Procurement of raw leather: Mainly as a by-product of the meat industry, skins such as cows, sheep, and goats are collected from all over the world.
• Tanned: Due to the impact of labor costs and environmental regulations, China, India, Brazil, Italy and other countries have become major leather tanning countries.
• Product manufacturing: China, Italy, India, Vietnam, etc., and other major manufacturing countries for leather products are
• Brands and Retail: Companies in high-income countries such as Europe and the United States and Japan are often in charge of designing, marketing and selling leather products, such as leather products.

Industrial scale

The following statistics have been reported for the global market size of the leather industry:

• Global Leather Product Market: Approximately $400 billion (as of 2019)
• Main segments: Footwear (approximately 55%);Handbag・Wallets (approx. 20%), clothing (approx. 10%), furniture and automobiles (approx. 10%), others (approx. 5%)
• Annual production: Approximately 2 billion square meters of leather are produced worldwide

Technological innovation and modern manufacturing methods

Introducing digital technology

The modern leather industry is actively adopting digital technology:

• CAD (Computer Aided Design): Designing and creating leather products
• Laser cut: Technology that enables precise cutting of leather
• Digital print: Technology to print precise designs on leather surfaces
• 3D modeling: Efficiency in product development and prototyping

Automation and efficiency

Automating the manufacturing process contributes to increased productivity and quality:

• Automatic tanning device: Precision control of the tanning process is now possible
• Automatic cutting machine: Precision cutting while minimizing waste of materials
• Robot sewing: Some sewing processes introduce precision robots.
• Quality control system: Quality evaluation of leather using AI and machine learning

Environmental issues and sustainability initiatives

Environmental load

The leather industry has traditionally been concerned that it places a heavy burden on the environment. Therefore, some consumersPU leather productsYou may also choose:

• Water Pollution: Heavy metal contamination by wastewater from the tanning process, especially chromium tanning
• Air Pollution: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during the process of leather processing
• Land use: Forest deforestation and land degradation related to raising cattle, which is used as leather materials
• Water consumption: A large amount of water is required to process leather.

Sustainable leather approach

To address environmental concerns, various sustainability initiatives are underway in the industry:

• Clean tanning technology: Development of low-chromium or chromium-free tanning methods
• Wastewater treatment:Introducing advanced wastewater treatment systems
• Utilizing by-products: Effective use of by-products such as leather cutting waste and collagen.
• Traceability: Tracking system from raw leather procurement to final product
• Authentication Program: Environmental certification such as Leather Working Group (LWG)

Consumer trends and market changes

Changes in consumer values

Modern consumers are changing the way they view leather products:

• Ethical Consumption: An increase in consumers who place importance on animal welfare and environmental considerations.
• The demand for transparency: Trends to request disclosure of product origin and manufacturing process information.
• Quality oriented: High quality, long-lasting use, from mass consumption.Business bagorBackpackAim for
• Individualization: Increased interest in customization and customization

Diversification of market segments

The leather goods market is divided into the following segments:

• Luxury Market: High-quality products made from traditional techniques and top quality materials
• Mid Market: Products that emphasize the balance between quality and price
• Mass market: Affordable mass-produced products
• Niche Market:Special products using special techniques and materials (Crazy Horse LeatherVegetable tannin leather, etc.)

Leather Product Brand Strategy

Brand positioning

Modern leather products brands have established their market positions with the following strategies:

• Heritage and craftsmanship: Emphasis on tradition and craftsmanship (Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc.)
• Sustainability: Branding that emphasizes environmental and social responsibility (such as Patagonia leather products)
• Design and innovation: Innovative designs and new materials (Stella McCartney, etc.)
• Online and DTC (Direct to Consumer)：Websites like COWMONOBrands that are primarily sales channels

The modern leather industry is in an age where traditional values ​​are balanced with modern technology, environmental considerations and market demands. The transition to sustainability and changing consumer awareness will drive industry restructuring and innovation over the next decades.

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10. The Future of Sustainable Leather

The leather industry has a long history, but now faces the major challenge of sustainability. With various aspects of reforms, such as reducing environmental impact, consideration for animal welfare, and social responsibility, the leather industry is undergoing transformation towards a new future.

Development of environmentally friendly tanning technology

Low chromium/chromium-free tanned

Chrome tanning is efficient, but due to environmental concerns, alternative technologies are being developed:

• Reevaluation of vegetable tannin tanning:Produces robust leather with a low environmental impact.Crazy Horse Leatheris utilizing this technology
• Aldardehyde tanning: Alternative methods using glutaraldehyde, etc.
• Metal salt tanning: Uses metal salts other than chromium (titanium, aluminum, etc.)
• Enzyme tanning: Tanning with low environmental impact using biological methods

Improvement of wastewater and waste disposal

Technological innovations to reduce the environmental impact of the leather industry:

• Closed circulation system: Water reuse and waste minimization
• Advanced wastewater treatment: Nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, etc.
• Recycling solid waste: Effective use of leather scraps and meat
• Improved energy efficiency: Utilizing renewable energy such as solar power generation

Alternative materials and innovation

Bio-based leather

Leather alternatives derived from plants and microorganisms are being developed. As an environmentally friendly optionPU leather productsAlong with options:

• Mycerium leather: Leather-like material made from mushroom mycelium mycelium
• Pineapple leather (Piñatex): Material made from pineapple leaves
• Wine leather: Made from by-products of winemaking
• Apple Skin: Made from a by-product of apple juice production
• Cord leather: Thinly sliced ​​cork and glued to fabric

Lab Glown Leather (Cultivated Leather)

Techniques to "grow" leather in the laboratory using biotechnology:

• Cell culture technology: Cultivate leather tissues from cells without killing animals
• Collagen synthesis: Genetic engineering collagen production
• Tissue Engineering: Formation of 3D leather structures

Circular Economy and the Leather Industry

Optimizing the product lifecycle

Sustainable lifecycle design for leather products:

• Long life design: Repairable and lasts a long timeBusiness bagorBackpackDesign of
• Modular design: Product design that allows parts to be replaced
• Designed with recycling in mind: Structure that makes it easy to separate materials
• Upcycle:Create new and highly valued products from old leather products

Shared economy and leather products

Paradigm shift from ownership to use:

• Leather Product Rental: Limited time rental of luxury bags and more
• Revitalizing the second-hand market: Resale market for quality leather products
• Repair service: Leather product repair and renovation service
• Buyback Program: Buy back and reuse used products

Responsible procurement and transparency

Traceability System

Efforts to increase transparency in leather supply chains:

• Blockchain technology: Tracking from raw leather to final product
• Digital Passport: Product raw materials and manufacturing process information
• QR Code: A system that allows consumers to check product history
• Supplier Audit: Confirmed compliance with environmental standards and working conditions

Authentication and standardization

Certification system that guarantees sustainable leather products:

• Leather Working Group (LWG): Environmental performance evaluation of tanning factories
• Organic leather certified: Organically raised animal-derived leather
• Clador tu Klador certified: Product certification for cyclical design
• Fair Trade Certification: Guaranteed fair working conditions and prices

Consumer role and education

Raising smart consumers

Consumer education for sustainable leather product selection:

• How to distinguish quality: Good quality and long lastingCrazy Horse Leather ProductsorGenuine leather productsHow to choose
• Proper care methods: Maintenance that extends the life of leather products
• Understanding environmental labels: Understand the meaning of various authentication marks
• Realization of true value: Benefit from using a high-quality, authentic product for a long time rather than a cheap imitation product.

Requests for disclosure and transparency

The power of consumer voices to change manufacturers' behavior:

• Origin information: Disclosure of leather sources and processing locations
• Environmental impact data: Product carbon footprint, etc.
• Working conditions: The treatment of workers involved in manufacturing
• Animal Welfare Standards: Handling of animals that are used as raw materials for leather

Outlook for the future leather industry

Key factors for a sustainable future for the leather industry:

1. Integrating with technological innovation: The harmony of traditional and latest technology
2. Revival of local industriesSmall and sustainable leather industry rooted in the local area
3. collaboration: Cooperation between industry, scientists, environmental groups and consumers
4. Respect for diversity: Coexistence of various approaches and solutions
5. Circulating thinking: Realization of a leather industry that does not produce waste

The future of sustainable leather will be achieved through a combination of diverse approaches rather than a single solution. It is important to balance the value of traditional leather products while increasing consideration for the environment and society. With all stakeholders, including consumers, manufacturers, and regulators, working together, the leather industry will be able to take a sustainable path for the next 100 years.

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11. Summary: The relationship between leather and humanity

The relationship between leather and humanity can be said to be a mirror that reflects the history of civilization itself, beyond just the relationship between materials and users. From the Paleolithic period to the present day, leather has contributed to the expression of human survival, development and creativity.

Reconfirming the historical significance of leather

As we have seen, leather has played a multifaceted role in human history:

• Essentials for survivalFor early humanity, leather was an important material to protect oneself from harsh environments.
• The foundation of civilization: played an essential role in the development of civilization, including military equipment, transportation, and information records.
• The medium of cultural expressionArtistic leather crafts have become an expression of cultural identity
• A focal point of the industrial revolution: Mechanization of the leather industry was an important part of the industrial revolution
• A place for application of science and technology: Knowledge from various scientific fields such as chemistry, biology, and engineering has been applied to the leather industry

Throughout this long history, leather has continued to evolve from mere animal skin to material with added cultural and technical value. Today'sCrazy Horse Leather ProductsorGenuine leather productsThe history is also alive and well.

The position of leather in modern times

In modern society, leather has a complex and multifaceted position:

• The intersection of tradition and innovation: A rare field where traditional technology that has been around for thousands of years and the latest innovations coexist
• Environmental and economic balance: The balance between environmental consideration and industry sustainability is being questioned.
• A fusion of functionality and sensitivity: Not only is it practical, but its emotional value, such as feel and texture, is also valued.
• Global and local harmony:Although it is a global industry, it also retains its local traditions

This multifaceted nature is why leather is an attractive and valuable material even in modern times.Business bagorBackpackYou can feel the weight of this history in leather products used in everyday life.

The future of leather

Leather will continue to evolve and remain close to human culture and life:

• Transforming to sustainability: Production and use of leather that minimizes environmental impact
• Preservation and development of traditional techniques: Developing the knowledge and skills of craftsmen through the next generation
• Coexistence with alternative materials: A world where traditional leather and innovative alternative materials stimulate each other and coexist
• Respect for individuality and diversity: Diverse leather culture that values ​​traditions and individuality of each region
• Integration with information technology: Transforming leather design, manufacturing and distribution using digital technology

The leather of the future will continue to change in response to the demands of the times, while protecting the legacy of the past.

How we interact with leather

How each of us interacts with leather is an important factor that shapes the future of leather:

• Use high-quality leather products for a long time: Good qualityCrazy Horse Leather ProductsThe most environmentally friendly choice is to choose, take appropriate care and use it for a long time.
• Understanding the value of leather: Learning the production process and cultural background of leather creates deeper attachment
• Make a responsible choice: Choosing products that are environmentally friendly and socially friendly will have a positive impact on the industry
• Respect the leather story: Have a perspective of enjoying the time and traces of use engraved on leather products as stories

The history of leather is the history of humanity itself, and its future will also be shaped by our choices. Considering the relationship with leather while valuing both environmental consideration and cultural values ​​is probably the best path to the future of this old and new material.

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12. Glossary of leather

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13. Frequently Asked Questions

The basics of leather

Q: What is the difference between leather and synthetic leather?

A: Leather (genuine leather) is a natural material that is tanned and processed from animal skin, and is characterized by its breathability, durability, and deepening of the texture due to aging. On the other hand, synthetic leather is a chemically manufactured artificial material.PU leatherThese include (polyurethane) and PVC leather (polyvinyl chloride). Synthetic leather is cheap and easy to clean, but it is less breathable and does not compare to genuine leather in terms of long-term durability.

Q: How do I care for my leather products?

A: The optimal care method varies depending on the type of leather, but in general, the following steps are the basics:

1. Dust with a dry, soft cloth regularly
2. If there is dirt, use a leather cleaner
3. Apply regular moisturizer (leather conditioner) suitable for the type of leather
4. Store away from direct sunlight, high temperatures and humidity
5. Protect with a waterproof spray if necessary (especially if it is exposed to rain or snow)

However, brushed leather such as suede and nubuck require different care methods. We recommend checking the care instructions that come with your product or consulting with a professional.Crazy Horse LeatherIt is best to care for your products with special wax or oil.

Q: What is Crazy Horse Leather? Why is it called that?

A: Crazy Horse Leatheris leather treated with a special wax or oil, and has the characteristic of changing color when rubbing the surface. There are various theories about the origin of the name, but the most widely accepted theory is that it comes from the leather that was used by horse tack makers during the American pioneering era for saddles and harnesses for horses (especially intense wild horses), which gives them a unique texture the more they are used. Current crazy hose leather is mainly manufactured using cowhide, and is characterized by its antique texture and unique aging due to its use.

Questions about leather history

Q: When did humanity first use leather?

A: There are no accurate records of the early use of leather, but archaeological evidence suggests that the technology to process leather already existed in the late Paleolithic period (approximately 15,000 years ago). However, since leather, an organic material, decomposes over time, it is difficult to find direct evidence of the oldest leather products. Fragments of tanned leather have been found in ancient Egyptian ruins around 5000 BC, making it one of the evidence of the oldest leather products.

Q: When was the chrome tanning method invented?

A: The chrome tanning method was invented in 1858 by Augustus Schultz of America. This invention revolutionized the leather industry, shortening the leather tanning process, which had previously taken several months to date. It also enables the production of leather that is more flexible and water resistant. From the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, this technology became popular all over the world, and most of the leather produced today uses the chrome tanning method.

Q: Please tell us about Japan's traditional leather culture.

A: Japan's leather culture has undergone a unique development. In ancient Japan, leather was used for armor and armor, but due to the influence of Buddhism, the occupations involved in leather (taking the lives of animals) were considered "impregnant." During the Edo period, people of a certain class called "kawata" were responsible for the processing of leather, but the situation changed with the abolition of the domains and prefectures in the Meiji period and the abolition of the status system. Since the Meiji period, Western leather industrial technology was introduced, and the leather industry developed in particular due to military demand. Modern times, high-quality leather products, such as "Himeji Leather," in Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture, are being praised internationally. In addition, unique products are produced that incorporate traditional Japanese patterns and techniques into leather crafts.

Questions about leather types and characteristics

Q: What is the difference between full grain leather and top grain leather?

A: Full grain leather is the finest leather that leaves the top layer (surface layer) of animal skin intact. The natural surface texture (natural patterns on pores and skin) is preserved, making it highly durable, and the more you use it, the more beautiful the texture becomes. On the other hand, top grain leather is leather that has been lightly polished to remove small scratches and imperfect areas. While retaining a natural texture, it has few surface defects and a uniform appearance. It is slightly less durable than full grain, but it still falls into the category of high-quality leather.

Q: What is the difference between vegetable tannin tanning and chrome tanning? Which is better?

A: Vegetable tannin tanning is a traditional method of using tannins extracted from bark and leaves, while chromium tanning is a modern method of using chromium salts (mainly chromium sulfate). The main differences are as follows:

• Manufacturing time: Vegetable tannin tanning takes weeks to months, while chrome tanning takes just a few days
• Characteristics: Vegetable tannin tanned leather has a strong waist, is highly altered over time, and is less likely to lose its shape. Chrome tanned leather is highly flexible, has excellent water and heat resistance, and is easy to dye in a variety of colors.
• Environmental impact: Vegetable tannin tanning is generally considered to have a low environmental impact, but chromium tanning can cause environmental problems if not properly managed.

Which one is "good" depends on the purpose. Vegetable tanned leather is suitable for durable leather products (belts, bags, soles, etc.), and chrome tanned leather is suitable for products that require flexibility (shoe uppers, clothing, etc.). Personal values ​​and consideration for the environment also affect choices.Crazy Horse Leatheris based on vegetable tannins.

Q: Are wrinkles and scratches seen on leather products defects?

A: Because leather is a natural material, it may remain on the surface of wounds, insect bites, blood vessel traces, and growth wrinkles during its lifetime. These are often seen as proof of authentic leather rather than defects. In particular, high-quality full grain leathers often retain these natural features, bringing individuality to each leather product. In addition, wrinkles and scratches (scrats) on the leather due to use give the product history and personality, and is part of a beautiful change over time called "patina." However, damage caused by improper treatment during the manufacturing process (such as fibres tears caused by excessive stretching) can be considered a quality issue.

Questions about sustainability and the future

Q: Is the leather industry environmentally friendly?

A: The environmental impact of the leather industry is complex. On the one hand, leather makes effective use of the meat industry by-products and has an environmentally friendly aspect in that it is biodegradable. However, on the other hand, there are concerns about the use of chemicals in the tanning process (particularly chrome tanning), large amounts of water consumption, and environmental pollution caused by wastewater and waste. Currently, the industry is working on sustainability initiatives such as:

• Development of environmentally friendly tanning technology (chrome-free tanning, etc.)
• Closed circulation systems to reduce water consumption and pollution
• Reduction and recycling of waste
• Improved energy efficiency
• Establishing sustainable sourcing standards and traceability

As a consumer, it is important to choose leather products produced in a sustainable way and use high-quality products for a long time. Minimized environmental impactPU leather productsChoosing is also an option.

Q: What are the alternative leather materials available?

A: Alternative leather materials include:

• Synthetic leather：PU leatherAvailable in (polyurethane) and PVC leather (polyvinyl chloride).
• Bio-based leather: Piñatex made from pineapple leaves, wine leather made from by-products of wine production process, Mycerium leather made from mushroom mycelium, etc.
• Recycled materials: Leather-like materials made from recycled plastics and rubber
• Lab Glow Leather: Laboratory-cultured leather using biotechnology

Each of these alternative materials has its advantages and disadvantages, and differs in terms of environmental impact, durability, feel, and price. There is no perfect alternative yet, but technological advances continue to improve.

Q: What do you think the future of the leather industry will be?

A: The future of the leather industry is thought to be shaped by trends such as:

1. Emphasis on sustainability: Manufacturing methods with less environmental impact, responsible procurement and highly transparent supply chains will become even more important!
2. A fusion of tradition and innovation: It is expected that traditional craftsmanship technology will progress with digital technology and new materials.
3. Coexistence of various options: A wide variety of options will coexist in the market, including traditional leather, alternative leather, and hybrid materials.
4. Customization and personalization: It is expected that the transition from mass production to customized products will progress.
5. Adopting a circular economy: A circular approach will be emphasized, including product life extension, repair services, recycling, and upcycling, etc.

The leather industry is expected to evolve into a sustainable future, taking advantage of its rich history and adaptation capabilities. Continuing innovation will be key, balancing environmental consideration with cultural values.

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COWMONO Leather Product Collection

COWMONO continues the history and tradition of leather while providing leather products that suit modern lifestyles. Find your favorite item from our collection by material.